Articles

Article Format Guidelines

• To provide your work the best chance of being understood and evaluated fairly by editors and reviewers, ensure it is presented in well-written English.

Title

• The title should be a declarative phrase without punctuation at the end and at least seven words but no more than 25 words.

Title Page

• Include Title
• Include all Author(s) and Affiliation(s)

Author

• The full name of the author(s) should be provided without abbreviations.
• The affiliation(s) of the author(s), i.e., Department/Faculty, University/Institute, City, Country/Region.
• A clear indication and an active email address of the corresponding author.
• If available, the 16-digit ORCID of the author(s).
• Responsibility for the accuracy of affiliations lies with the author, though changes may be requested to ensure consistency across published output for indexing and discovery reasons.

Abstract

• Concise single paragraph
• 200 to 500 words
• Must not contain any citations
• Research articles should briefly overview your paper's background, objective, method, result, and conclusion before the main body, with keywords underneath the abstract.
• The case report abstract should include background, case presentation, and conclusion.

List of Keywords

• 4-8 relevant keywords
• Used for indexing words should be specific to the article and commonly used within the subject.

Introduction

• Background of the study
• Clarify the purpose/aim
• Significance of the research problem or question
• Include citations of key publications related to the top, research purpose, and question.

Literature Review (only if applicable)

• Discuss relevant literature related to the research topic. Include significance, statistics, or other research related to the research aim, purpose, or questions.
• Include APA citations in the text when presenting the literature review.

Method 

• This section should provide comprehensive details of the method, research design, variables, data collection, and analysis for clinical research articles, if applicable.

Results 

• Present an accurate and concise description of the findings.
• Include descriptive statistics, test results, trends, etc.
• The results should be presented transparently and truthfully, avoiding any fabrication or improper manipulation of data.
• Included in the text or as tables and figures with APA citations.

Discussion

• Interrupt and further discuss the results.
• Provide significance of the results of the study answered the research question.
• Compare results with other studies and make comparisons with relevant literature.
• Discuss future research directions. Public health-related articles discuss policies, social change, health education, etc.

Conclusion

• Summarize the brief background information and main findings of the article, emphasizing its significance and relevance of research.
• Public health articles summarize the importance of social change and the future direction of the study.

Abbreviations

• If abbreviations are used in the text, they should be defined at their first mention in the text, or a list of abbreviations should be provided.

Footnote 

• Footnotes should be used sparingly and primarily to provide additional clarification or context that does not fit naturally into the body of the text.
• Remember, footnotes do not include bibliographic references already cited in the text or the reference list.
• Footnotes should be numbered consecutively using superscript lowercase Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.). The footnote marker should be placed at the end of the sentence or clause where the relevant information is given.
• Footnotes should be concise and to the point. Overly long or detailed footnotes can distract from the text's main argument.
• Footnotes should appear at the bottom of the page on which they are referenced.

Reference

• Listed in Alphabetical order and APA 7 Format 

Example of text citation:

• One Author: Previous research has demonstrated.¹
• Multiple Author: According to the research. ^{1, 2}
• Integrating authors in text:  Jane argued….¹

 

Journal Articles

Author 1, Author 2, Author 3. Article Title. Journal Title. Year, Volume (Issue), Page Range. DOI or URL

Example:

Gerold, E., Antrekowitsch, H. A Sustainable Approach for the Recovery of Manganese from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries via Photocatalytic Oxidation. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications. 2022, 11(3), 66-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20221103.12

Books

Author 1, Author 2, Author 3. Book Title. Edition. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year, Page Range.

Example:

Cozby, P. C., Bates, S. C. Methods in behavioral research. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2012, pp. 14–16.

Book Chapters

Author 1, Author 2. Title of the chapter. In Book Title, Edition. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year, Page Range.

Rychtarova, J., Krupova, Z., Brzakova, M., Borkova, M., Elich, O., Dragounova, H., Seydlova, R., and Sztankoova, Z. Milk quality, somatic cell count, and economics of dairy goat's farm in the Czech Republic. In Goat Science-Environment, Health, and Economy, Kukovics, S., Ed., Intech Open: London, UK; 2021, pp. 14–16.

Conference Proceedings

Author 1, Author 2, Author 3. Title of Presentation. In Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Year of Conference; Page number (optional).

Example:

Smith, J., Johnson, A., Brown, K. A Deep Learning Approach for Sentiment Analysis in Social Media. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Data Science, New York, USA, 2015; pp. 4489–4497.

Thesis

Author 1. Title of Thesis. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, Location of University, Date of Completion.

Example:

Miranda, C. Exploring the Lived Experiences of Foster Youth Who Obtained Graduate Level Degrees: Self-efficacy, Resilience, and the Impact on Identity Development. Ph.D. Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2019.

Websites

Publishing body. Title. [Internet]. Available from: URL. [Accessed Day Month Year].

Example:

National Library of Medicine, "Dinitrogen Tetroxide". Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. [Accessed 6 October 2022].

 

Acknowledgments

• This section recognizes contributions not meeting authorship criteria, including technical assistance, donations, or organizational aid. Individuals or organizations should be acknowledged with their full names. The acknowledgments should be placed after the conclusion and before the references section in the manuscript.

 

Funding

• Authors must disclose all sources of research funding, including grants supporting the work and any received funds covering publication costs. This information should be entered into the submission system during the manuscript submission process.
• It is critical to specify the full name of the funding agency and the associated grant number(s), for example, "This research was funded by [Name of Funder] grant number [xxx]". If applicable, the statement "The APC was funded by [XXX]" should be included.
• This employer should be acknowledged if the research received no specific funding but was performed as part of the authors' employment. Any involvement of the funder in the manuscript writing, editing, approval, or decision to publish must also be declared. Please ensure the accuracy of the funding details; any errors may impact future funding.

 

Author Contributions

• Each author's substantial contribution to the work must be identified. This includes involvement in the conception or design of the work, data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, or creation of new software used in the work, as well as drafting or substantively revising the work. Every author is expected to approve the submitted version and be accountable for their contributions, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the entire work. Authorship should be limited to individuals who have contributed significantly to the work. Please read the section on the criteria for authorship carefully.
• Providing a brief paragraph outlining each individual's contribution is vital for research articles with multiple authors. For example, 'Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; Methodology, X.X.; Validation, X.X., Y.Y., and Z.Z.; Writing - Original Draft Preparation, X.X.; Writing - Review & Editing, X.X.; Supervision, X.X.; Project Administration, X.X.; Funding Acquisition, Y.Y.'. This structure promotes transparency and appropriately credits each contributor's role in the research.
• For review articles where discrete statements are less applicable, a statement detailing who conceived the idea for the article performed the literature search and data analysis, and drafted and/or critically revised the work should be included.
• For articles primarily based on a student's dissertation or thesis, it is recommended that the student is generally listed as the principal author.

 

Conflicts of Interest

• Authors are required to identify and declare any personal circumstances or interests that could be perceived as influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. This includes current or recent funding, goods, services, or other payments that could impact the work. The potential involvement of anyone with an interest in the outcome of the work or affiliation to an organization with such an interest must be declared.
• All financial and non-financial competing interests should be clearly articulated in this section. If there are no conflicts, authors should clearly state, "The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest." If there are conflicts, they should be outlined along with an explanation of why each interest may represent a conflict. If there is any uncertainty about declaring a potential conflict, it is better to err on the side of caution and declare it.
• The role of any funding sponsors in the choice of the research project, the study's design, the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, the writing of the manuscript, or the decision to publish the results should also be declared. If the sponsors had no role, state, "The sponsors had no role in the design, execution, interpretation, or writing of the study."
• Please note that undisclosed conflicts of interest discovered post-publication may lead to a corrigendum or, in severe cases, a paper's retraction. Prioritize transparency to uphold the integrity of the research and its assessment.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

• All manuscripts that report studies involving human participants, human data, human tissue, or animals must adhere to ethical guidelines and obtain necessary approvals.

For human-based studies, the manuscript must:

• Include a statement on ethics approval and consent, even where the need for approval was waived.
• If applicable, specify the ethics committee that approved the study and the committee's reference number.
• Confirm that the research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964).
• Assure that any experimental work involving human subjects was conducted with the subjects' understanding and consent.

For studies involving animals, the manuscript must:

• Include a statement on ethics approval.
• Provide a complete description of any anesthetic or surgical procedure used.
• Demonstrate evidence that all possible steps were taken to avoid animal suffering at each experiment stage.
• A statement of informed consent from the client or owner must be included for experimental studies involving client-owned animals.
• Failure to meet these ethical guidelines may result in manuscript rejection. The authors are responsible for ensuring ethical conduct in studies and clarity in reporting these details in the manuscript.

 

Text Headings

Section Headings

Research articles follow a defined structure with specific headings. For other types of submissions, authors can flexibly determine the headings. Up to three levels of numbered headings/subheadings can be employed, with the first-level, second-level, and third-level headings presented as 1., 1.1., and 1.1.1. respectively. Headings without numbers may be used for specific cases. Consider reassessing the section arrangement to ensure clarity and logic when incorporating more than three levels.

 

Heading Style

Use title case for headings where the first letter of each word is capitalized, except for short words like articles and prepositions. However, capitalize pronouns and prepositions in compound words. For italicized species names, do not capitalize. Always capitalize the first word following a colon or em dash.

 

Text and Symbol Formatting

Use standard, universally recognized fonts when writing symbols. If using a Word template, verify that all text is in the correct font, mainly when copying from another document. Do not use fonts such as symbols, wingdings, or webdings, or insert symbols as pictures. If a symbol is difficult to add, comment for the production team.

 

Italics

Italics can be used to emphasize or define terms. Avoid italicization if it may confuse your discipline. Foreign words and phrases do not need to be italicized. Journal and book titles should always be italicized. When using Latin names of organisms, italicize the genus and species names.

 

Bold Font

Bold font should generally be avoided. If you wish to add emphasis, italics are preferred. Bold font can be used in specific contexts, such as figure captions and subtitles. In chemistry, bold numbers may refer to molecules defined in schemes.

Case Report

Case Report or Study Format Guidelines

Title Page

Author(s) full names, Affiliation(s), location of research/author(s), and contact information. 

Abstract

• Summarize the case, the problem it addresses, and the message it conveys. Abstracts of case studies are usually very short, preferably not more than 150 words.
• It must not contain any citations. 
• A separate list of keywords underneath the abstract.

Introduction

• Provide a brief overview of the problem.
• Discuss the disease, including relevant literature where necessary.
• The introduction generally ends with a single sentence describing the patient and the basic condition the patient is suffering from.

Case Description 

This section provides the details of the case in the following order:

• Patient description.
• Case history.
• Physical examination results.
• Results of pathological tests and other investigations.
• Treatment plan.
• Expected outcome of the treatment plan.
• Actual outcome.

The author should ensure that all the relevant details are included and unnecessary ones excluded.

Discussion

• The case study should focus on why the case is noteworthy and the problem that it addresses.
• A summary of the existing literature on the topic includes pathophysiology, risk factors, disease progression, official diagnosis, alternative diagnoses (why they were rejected), and treatments.
• Include any recommendations and connect the study to the existing literature.
• Include a generalized message on the importance of the case.
• Included in APA citations for text and images.

Conclusion

• Summarize the case and include key points covered in the case report and future recommendations.

Abbreviations

• If abbreviations are used in the text, they should be defined at their first mention in the text, or a list of abbreviations should be provided.

Footnote 

• Footnotes should be used sparingly and primarily to provide additional clarification or context that does not fit naturally into the body of the text.
• Remember, footnotes do not include bibliographic references already cited in the text or the reference list.
• Footnotes should be numbered consecutively using superscript lowercase Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.). The footnote marker should be placed at the end of the sentence or clause where the relevant information is given.
• Footnotes should be concise and to the point. Overly long or detailed footnotes can distract from the text's main argument.
• Footnotes should appear at the bottom of the page on which they are referenced.

Reference & Citation

• Listed in Alphabetical order and APA 7 Format 

Example of text citation:

• One Author: Previous research has demonstrated.¹
• Multiple Author: According to the research. ^{1, 2}
• Integrating authors in text:  Jane argued….¹

Journal Articles

Author 1, Author 2, Author 3. Article Title. Journal Title. Year, Volume(Issue), Page Range. DOI or URL

Example:

Gerold, E., Antrekowitsch, H. A Sustainable Approach for the Recovery of Manganese from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries via Photocatalytic Oxidation. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications. 2022, 11(3), 66-75. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20221103.12

Books

Author 1, Author 2, Author 3. Book Title. Edition. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year, Page Range.

Example:

Cozby, P. C., Bates, S. C. Methods in behavioral research. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2012, pp. 14–16.

Book Chapters

Author 1, Author 2. Title of the chapter. In Book Title, Edition. Publisher Location: Publisher; Year, Page Range.

Rychtarova, J., Krupova, Z., Brzakova, M., Borkova, M., Elich, O., Dragounova, H., Seydlova, R., and Sztankoova, Z. Milk quality, somatic cell count, and economics of dairy goat's farm in the Czech Republic. In Goat Science-Environment, Health, and Economy, Kukovics, S., Ed., Intech Open: London, UK; 2021, pp. 14–16.

Conference Proceedings

Author 1, Author 2, Author 3. Title of Presentation. In Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Year of Conference; Page number (optional).

Example:

Smith, J., Johnson, A., Brown, K. A Deep Learning Approach for Sentiment Analysis in Social Media. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Data Science, New York, USA, 2015; pp. 4489–4497.

Thesis

Author 1. Title of Thesis. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, Location of University, Date of Completion.

Example:

Miranda, C. Exploring the Lived Experiences of Foster Youth Who Obtained Graduate Level Degrees: Self-efficacy, Resilience, and the Impact on Identity Development. Ph.D. Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2019.

Websites

Publishing body. Title. [Internet]. Available from: URL. [Accessed Day Month Year].

Example:

National Library of Medicine, "Dinitrogen Tetroxide". Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. [Accessed 6 October 2022].